Materials science and materials engineering are two related but distinct fields that collaborate to find in light of European and national policies aimed at combatting climate change and reviving the economy, the Italian photovoltaic industry has great potential for development.

Buildings are a major challenge in the energy transition, as their poor thermal insulation leads to increased dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Regulations are pushing for positive energy balances at the building or district level, making efficiency essential.

Technological innovation in buildings can make them a strategic resource, especially for energy communities, by contributing to local renewable energy production. Integrating photovoltaic modules in an urban environment can create structures with almost zero energy requirements, making the BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) market increasingly important for multi-storey buildings. This highlights the need for the development of a new type of modular photovoltaic system that is adaptable to a wide range of building facade projects.